Ayin
121 I have done what is just and right;
do not leave me to my oppressors.
122 Give your servant a pledge of good;
let not the insolent oppress me.
123 My eyes long for your salvation
and for the fulfillment of your righteous promise.
124 Deal with your servant according to your steadfast love,
and teach me your statutes.
125 I am your servant; give me understanding,
that I may know your testimonies!
126 It is time for the LORD to act,
for your law has been broken.
127 Therefore I love your commandments
above gold, above fine gold.
128 Therefore I consider all your precepts to be right;
I hate every false way.
Pe
129 Your testimonies are wonderful;
therefore my soul keeps them.
130 The unfolding of your words gives light;
it imparts understanding to the simple.
131 I open my mouth and pant,
because I long for your commandments.
132 Turn to me and be gracious to me,
as is your way with those who love your name.
133 Keep steady my steps according to your promise,
and let no iniquity get dominion over me.
134 Redeem me from man's oppression,
that I may keep your precepts.
135 Make your face shine upon your servant,
and teach me your statutes.
136 My eyes shed streams of tears,
because people do not keep your law.
Tsadhe
137 Righteous are you, O LORD,
and right are your rules.
138 You have appointed your testimonies in righteousness
and in all faithfulness.
139 My zeal consumes me,
because my foes forget your words.
140 Your promise is well tried,
and your servant loves it.
141 I am small and despised,
yet I do not forget your precepts.
142 Your righteousness is righteous forever,
and your law is true.
143 Trouble and anguish have found me out,
but your commandments are my delight.
144 Your testimonies are righteous forever;
give me understanding that I may live. – Psalm 119:121-144 ESV
While the psalmist continues his practice of using three new letters of the Hebrew alphabet to start each sentence of these three sections, his theme remains unchanged. In fact, one might say he is somewhat repetitive. These three strophes contain little in the way of new information but simply reiterate and reinforce his overall message.
He begins by defending his faithful adherence to Yahweh's commands. He is not claiming sinless perfection but is declaring his commitment to make the word of the LORD his highest priority. In his mind, he has done nothing to deserve judgment or punishment for disobedience.
Don’t leave me to the mercy of my enemies,
for I have done what is just and right. – Psalm 119:121 NLT
Yet, he finds himself oppressed by arrogant people who violate the instructions of the LORD. These law-breakers are making his life miserable, and he can think of nothing he has done to deserve their wrath. He continues to be perplexed by Yahweh's delay in providing deliverance.
My eyes strain to see your rescue,
to see the truth of your promise fulfilled.– Psalm 119:123 NLT
There is a sense of urgency in his words. Like a watchman on a tower, he strains his eyes scanning the horizon for some sign of his rescuer’s arrival. From his study of the Scriptures, he knows that Yahweh is faithful and redeems His people from their troubles. He has read the passages that speak of Yahweh's lovingkindness.
“I lavish unfailing love for a thousand generations on those who love me and obey my commands.” – Exodus 20:6 NLT
“Yahweh! The LORD!
The God of compassion and mercy!
I am slow to anger
and filled with unfailing love and faithfulness.
I lavish unfailing love to a thousand generations.
I forgive iniquity, rebellion, and sin.” – Exodus 34:6-7 NLT
So, he begs Yahweh, “Deal with me in unfailing love” (Psalm 119:124 NLT). But even as he waits for Yahweh's intervention, he desires to grow in his understanding of Yahweh's words and ways.
…give me understanding,
that I may know your testimonies! – Psalm 119:125 ESV
The word “testimonies” is another synonym for the Ten Commandments. In Hebrew, it is the word ʿēḏûṯ, and it speaks of God's witness two His divine character through His righteous Law. The Book of Exodus often refers to the Ten Commandments as the Tablets of Testimony.
And he gave to Moses, when he had finished speaking with him on Mount Sinai, the two tablets of the testimony, tablets of stone, written with the finger of God. – Exodus 31:18 ESV
In a sense, the tablets “testified” to Yahweh's expectations of His people. They contained the written code of conduct that would set them apart as His chosen people. The words covenant and testimony refer to the conditional agreement made between God and the children of Israel at Mount Sinai.
God’s commands were clear, concise, and etched in stone, but that didn't mean His people understood or obeyed them. That is why the psalmist repeatedly asks Yahweh to teach him so that he might understand His testimony. He knew God's laws were far more than imperatives and prohibitions to be obeyed; they were a witness to God's glory and goodness. Each command revealed some aspect of Yahweh's character and was designed to aid the Israelites in their understanding of and appreciation for His holiness.
The psalmist knew the Ten Commandments were more than a list of shalls and shall-nots. Yahweh had given His commands, not to see if the Israelites could live up to them, but to expose their sinfulness and their need for His help. The apostle Paul would later write, “Why, then, was the law given? It was given alongside the promise to show people their sins” (Galatians 3:19 NLT). He explained to the believers in Rome, “Am I suggesting that the law of God is sinful? Of course not! In fact, it was the law that showed me my sin. I would never have known that coveting is wrong if the law had not said, ‘You must not covet’” (Romans 7:7 NLT).
The psalmist wanted to look behind the curtain and understand the purpose behind God's commands. Why had God forbidden coveting, adultery, lying, and stealing? If an ungodly person refrained from adultery, did that suddenly make them godly? Was a relationship with God based solely on one's ability to adhere to a set of rules? The psalmist knew there had to be more to it than that. He wasn’t satisfied with knowing God's commands; he wanted to understand them.
The unfolding of your words gives light;
it imparts understanding to the simple.– Psalm 119:130 ESV
The psalmist was a simple man who longed to know Yahweh better. He was doing everything he could to live up to Yahweh's exacting standards, but he somehow knew that was not enough. Law-keeping did not necessarily produce a knowledge of and love for God. So, he begged Yahweh to be His teacher, enlightening him to the more profound truths hidden within the word.
Make your face shine upon your servant,
and teach me your statutes. – Psalm 119:135 ESV
The psalmist longed for enlightenment. He knew that God’s revelation required explanation. Adherence to a list of commands was not enough. Knowing what God expected of His people was not the same as understanding the why behind it. The Israelites prided themselves on their knowledge of God's word. They were well-versed in the stories of Scripture and able to recite God's commands. But according to God, their hearts were far from Him.
“These people say they are mine.
They honor me with their lips,
but their hearts are far from me.
And their worship of me
is nothing but man-made rules learned by rote.” – Isaiah 29:13 NLT
Because they knew God's laws and half-heartedly attempted to keep them, they claimed to have a relationship with Him. They boasted in their status as God's chosen people. They took great pride in their knowledge of His law. They bragged about the many blessings He had showered on them as His treasured possession. But Yahweh warned them that they had missed the forest for the trees.
Thus says the LORD: “Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom, let not the mighty man boast in his might, let not the rich man boast in his riches, but let him who boasts boast in this, that he understands and knows me, that I am the LORD who practices steadfast love, justice, and righteousness in the earth. For in these things I delight, declares the LORD.” – Jeremiah 9:23-24 ESV
The psalmist wanted to know God. He longed for an intimate and personal relationship with the Lawmaker. While he might not be able to grasp the intricacies of God's laws, he was convinced of the integrity of the One behind them.
O LORD, you are righteous,
and your regulations are fair.
Your laws are perfect
and completely trustworthy. – Psalm 119:137-138 NLT
Your justice is eternal,
and your instructions are perfectly true. – Psalm 119:142 NLT
He understood that the law was an extension of the Lawmaker. They were a means to an end, not the end itself. The laws were not the point – God was. But he loved God’s commands because they revealed God's justice, righteousness, lovingkindness, patience, and power. As he searched the Scriptures, he saw examples of God's faithfulness and love. As he examined his own life, he could see proof of God’s presence and power. Yahweh had a track record of faithfulness.
Your promises have been thoroughly tested;
that is why I love them so much. – Psalm 119:140 NLT
So, despite his less-than-ideal circumstances and his far-from-perfect adherence to God's commands, he remained committed to pursuing obedience and seeking understanding.
As pressure and stress bear down on me,
I find joy in your commands.
Your laws are always right;
help me to understand them so I may live. – Psalm 119:143-144 NLT
Difficulties have a way of breeding disobedience. When things don't go as planned, we tend to replace God's will with our own. Disappointed in God's failure to deliver results, we devise our own strategy for success. We bend the rules or reject them altogether. We compromise our convictions and cut corners. We make spiritual concessions and choose worldly means to solve our problems. But the psalmist encourages us to stay the course and remain faithful to God's word. He promotes commitment over compromise and obedience over abandonment of God's commands.
Knowing God is the key. Trials can either draw us to God or away from Him. Life's difficulties can reveal His presence and serve as opportunities to experience His power, or they can drive us to seek our own path. The psalmist would remind us of this timeless truth found in God's word.
There is a way that seems right to a man, but its end is the way to death.
– Proverbs 14:12 ESV
Father, like the psalmist, I want to know You better. I want to grow in my knowledge of Your will and ways, and You have chosen to reveal Yourself through Your word. Give me an ever-increasing love for the Scriptures because they reveal You. As Jesus Himself said, “You search the Scriptures because you think they give you eternal life. But the Scriptures point to me!” (John 5:39 NLT). The Scriptures are a means to an end and You are that end. I want to understand and know You better with each passing day. I want to discover the truth of who You are in the revelation You have provided. Produce in me a growing love for Your word so I will grow in my knowledge of You. Amen.
English Standard Version (ESV) The Holy Bible, English Standard Version. ESV® Permanent Text Edition® (2016). Copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers.
New Living Translation (NLT) Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.
