1 He who dwells in the shelter of the Most High
will abide in the shadow of the Almighty.
2 I will say to the LORD, “My refuge and my fortress,
my God, in whom I trust.”
3 For he will deliver you from the snare of the fowler
and from the deadly pestilence.
4 He will cover you with his pinions,
and under his wings you will find refuge;
his faithfulness is a shield and buckler.
5 You will not fear the terror of the night,
nor the arrow that flies by day,
6 nor the pestilence that stalks in darkness,
nor the destruction that wastes at noonday.
7 A thousand may fall at your side,
ten thousand at your right hand,
but it will not come near you.
8 You will only look with your eyes
and see the recompense of the wicked.
9 Because you have made the LORD your dwelling place—
the Most High, who is my refuge—
10 no evil shall be allowed to befall you,
no plague come near your tent.
11 For he will command his angels concerning you
to guard you in all your ways.
12 On their hands they will bear you up,
lest you strike your foot against a stone.
13 You will tread on the lion and the adder;
the young lion and the serpent you will trample underfoot.
14 “Because he holds fast to me in love, I will deliver him;
I will protect him, because he knows my name.
15 When he calls to me, I will answer him;
I will be with him in trouble;
I will rescue him and honor him.
16 With long life I will satisfy him
and show him my salvation.” – Psalm 91:1-16 ESV
The author of this psalm remains unknown, but his message is a familiar one that encourages trust in a trustworthy God. He opens his psalm with a reminder of Yahweh’s sovereignty (Most High) and power (Almighty), two divine attributes that should promote confidence and peace among the children of God.
His word choice is intentional and carefully designed to create an aura of calm and quiet contentment.
He who dwells in the shelter of the Most High
will abide in the shadow of the Almighty.
I will say to the LORD, “My refuge and my fortress,
my God, in whom I trust.” – Pssalm 91:1-2 ESV
dwells – yāšaḇ – to remain, to sit, abide
shelter – sēṯer – secret place, protection, hiding place
abide – lûn – to stay permanently, to lodge (all night)
shadow – ṣēl – shade, protection, defense
refuge – maḥăsê – shelter from danger or storm, place of hope
fortress – māṣûḏ – stronghold, castle
Each word is intended to support the psalmist's message concerning Yahweh's trustworthiness. They are meant to be confidence-inducing and peace-promoting statements that flow from his own experience with God. He has found Yahweh to be a reliable source of strength, security, shelter, and protection, and he wants all those who hear the lyrics of his song to be reminded that they can expect God to deliver in their times of need.
For he will rescue you from every trap
and protect you from deadly disease.
He will cover you with his feathers.
He will shelter you with his wings.
His faithful promises are your armor and protection. – Psalm 91:3-4 NLT
The psalmist describes Yahweh as aggressively proactive, rescuing His children from every harmful circumstance and situation. Using the imagery of a mother bird protecting her young, he conveys God's instinctive inclination to shelter His children from harm. But God's response to His children's needs is more than mechanical or instinctual. It is based on His faithful promises.
The Hebrew word rendered as “faithfulness” in verse 4 is ĕmeṯ, and it conveys the idea of spoken truth. God had made a covenant commitment to protect and provide for the people of Israel for generations, and He was a promise-keeping God.
God is not a man, so he does not lie. He is not human, so he does not change his mind. Has he ever spoken and failed to act? Has he ever promised and not carried it through? – Numbers 23:19 NLT
Since the days when Moses led the people of Israel out of their bondage in Egypt and guided them to the land of promise, he had reminded them of God’s promise to provide for and protect them.
“For the people of Israel belong to the LORD;
Jacob is his special possession.
He found them in a desert land,
in an empty, howling wasteland.
He surrounded them and watched over them;
he guarded them as he would guard his own eyes.
Like an eagle that rouses her chicks
and hovers over her young,
so he spread his wings to take them up
and carried them safely on his pinions.” – Deuteronomy 32:9-11 NLT
“How blessed you are, O Israel!
Who else is like you, a people saved by the Lord?
He is your protecting shield
and your triumphant sword!
Your enemies will cringe before you,
and you will stomp on their backs!” – Deuteronomy 33:29 NLT
The psalmist picked up on that theme and reiterated its powerful message to the Israelites of his day. While their circumstances had changed, their God remained the same. He was still powerful and reliable. He was trustworthy and true. His strength had not diminished, and despite their disobedience, His promises remained fully intact. He would do what He said He would do.
That is why the psalmist calls his people to replace their fear with faith.
Do not be afraid of the terrors of the night,
nor the arrow that flies in the day.
Do not dread the disease that stalks in darkness,
nor the disaster that strikes at midday.
Though a thousand fall at your side,
though ten thousand are dying around you,
these evils will not touch you.
Just open your eyes,
and see how the wicked are punished. – Psalm 91:5-8 NLT
They had no reason to doubt God's word, so there was no cause for concern. No matter what trial or difficulty came their way, they could trust in the promises of God. He would show up at just the right time and deliver His children in ways that defied logic and displayed His power and sovereignty.
The psalmist makes a promise of his own that almost comes across as hyperbolic or exaggerated in nature.
If you make the Lord your refuge,
if you make the Most High your shelter,
no evil will conquer you;
no plague will come near your home.
For he will order his angels
to protect you wherever you go.
They will hold you up with their hands
so you won’t even hurt your foot on a stone.
You will trample upon lions and cobras;
you will crush fierce lions and serpents under your feet! – Psalm 91:9-13 NLT
It's doubtful that he was speaking from personal experience. These fantastic claims are not meant to be actual evidence of God's past actions; they are intended to convey the miraculous and sometimes inexplicable nature of His power. His point seems to be that, with God on their side, the Israelites were virtually invincible. They could look back on their storied past and recall times when God protected them from plagues, as He had done during their stay in Egypt. They could also recount the stories of their ancestors' trek through the wilderness and how God had provided for all their needs along the way.
“For forty years I led you through the wilderness, yet your clothes and sandals did not wear out. You ate no bread and drank no wine or other alcoholic drink, but he provided for you so you would know that he is the Lord your God.” – Deuteronomy 29:5-6 NLT
The psalmist goes out of his way to paint a glowing picture of God's power and trustworthiness. The Almighty has a proven track record of delivering on His promises and providing His people with all they need to succeed in a hostile and sometimes deadly world.
And to strengthen his argument, the psalmist closes with a personal word from God Himself.
The LORD says, “I will rescue those who love me.
I will protect those who trust in my name.
When they call on me, I will answer;
I will be with them in trouble.
I will rescue and honor them.
I will reward them with a long life
and give them my salvation.” – Psalm 91:14-16 NLT
This psalm is not intended to offer the promise of a trouble-free life. He does not guarantee a heaven-on-earth experience devoid of sorrow, suffering, trials, or pain. Jesus Himself said, “Here on earth you will have many trials and sorrows. But take heart, because I have overcome the world” (John 16:33 NLT).
The apostle John wrote, “For everyone who has been born of God overcomes the world. And this is the victory that has overcome the world—our faith. Who is it that overcomes the world except the one who believes that Jesus is the Son of God?” (1 John 5:4-5 ESV). John’s emphasis on overcoming is not a promise of a victory-filled life free from obstacles or opposition. John himself was exiled to the island of Patmos for preaching the gospel. The victory he promises is not an earthly one that manifests itself in triumph over every enemy and success at every turn. He isn't offering your best life now. No, he is focusing our attention on the final victory that Christ will bring when He returns to earth a final time and completes the plan of redemption He began at His crucifixion and resurrection.
As Jesus said, “Here on earth you will have many trials and sorrows.” But God has a plan in place that will ensure a future free from pain, suffering, sorrow, sin, disease, and death. It will come to fruition when His Son returns and it will bring the ultimate victory and fulfill every promise that God has made to His people.
Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the old heaven and the old earth had disappeared. And the sea was also gone. And I saw the holy city, the new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven like a bride beautifully dressed for her husband.
I heard a loud shout from the throne, saying, “Look, God’s home is now among his people! He will live with them, and they will be his people. God himself will be with them. He will wipe every tear from their eyes, and there will be no more death or sorrow or crying or pain. All these things are gone forever.” – Revelation 21:1-4 NLT
Father, You are trustworthy and true. You have proven it time and time again. The Scriptures are filled with stories of Your faithfulness. Our lives are living evidence of Your goodness and greatness. But sometimes we fail to see Your handiwork because we are looking for the wrong thing. We seek a different outcome from our trials than the one You have planned. We desire a trouble-free life when You are calling us to live a trust-filled life. You are always encouraging us to place our hope in You and not our circumstances. We are to judge Your faithfulness based on Your character, not the lack of trials in our lives. The truth is, You display Your strength through our weakness. You use difficulties to make us dependent upon You. Our trust tends to grow best when our need for You becomes greatest. Thank You for showing up when the times get tough. Thank You for displaying Your power in tangible ways. But more than anything else, thank You for being a promise-keeping God who will one day make all things right. You are not done but, because You are faithful, You will do what You promised. Amen
English Standard Version (ESV) The Holy Bible, English Standard Version. ESV® Permanent Text Edition® (2016). Copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers.
New Living Translation (NLT) Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.